The first step is learning the pattern or what is called the "embusen" (line of movement). Each Kata has a specific pattern. The Basic (Kihon) Katas form an "I" pattern. One of the best ways to learn the pattern is to practice it over and over again. It is often helpful to break the Kata apart into logical sections. This is especially advantageous if space is limited. Learn each section, and then begin to put the sections together. Soon you will know the entire pattern.Once the pattern is learned, the form, or techniques should be perfected. Stances need to be consistent. The timing of the footwork and hand techniques, the transitions from one movement to the next and the overall tempo of the Kata need to be developed. A good way of learning these elements is, again, to break the Kata apart into logical sections and then further break it down into stances, hand and foot techniques, and transitions. Practice the Kata one time slowly, thinking about each technique. The next time practice only the footwork and stances: the next time only hand techniques: the last time with full speed, power and focus.The next step in learning the Kata is understanding the "bunkai" or explanation. Each movement or group of techniques is some offensive or defensive approach to an attacker. Often there seem to be multiple reasons for doing the same movements. These differences in bunki interpretations are the basis for the differences in Karate styles. Further, each –ha (faction within a particular major style) may have different explanations for the same Kata or even movement within the Kata. As the Katas progress in complexity, the room for personal interpretation widens. The founder of a particular style chose to represent the bunkai in a specific way and therefor the movements in the Kata should not be changed. This would alter the fundamental aspect of the Kata.The last step in learning the Kata is to practice it as though the attackers actually exist. Once the bunki of a Kata is understood, each movement in the Kata should be done with the utmost intensity, as though your life was at stake. This will give you maximum benefit to not only body, but also mind and spirit.Each of these steps can, and should, be practiced in your mind. Once the Kata is firmly etched in the mind, performing the body movements comes as a natural progression. If you can not physically do the Kata each day, make certain you go through it mentally. This requires great concentration and, therefore, is an excellent training tool for mental acuity.Another good way to help focus on learning a Kata is through competition. It gives you a specific goal to work towards and provides a good measure of where your understanding of the Kata is. Several things can be done to convey to the judges that you have a good understanding of not just the Kata, but your basic and Karate in general. The first thing to keep in mind is your performance begins as soon as you walk into the competition building. You should wear a clean, pressed gi that fits well. Remember to always be respectful of all those around you. You never know who is watching and gaining a first impression.When you are called to line up for competition, indicate your readiness with a firm yes. Walk to the competition ring with purpose and sit with shoulders back and head held high. When you are called on deck go through the Kata in your mind one more time. Greet your fellow competitor who has just finished by bowing. Bow before entering the ring, walk to the center of the ring, and move to where your Kata begins, close stance, bow to the head judge and name your Kata loudly and clearly.When you are performing your Kata, keep in mind these things the judges are looking for:
When you are done, wait at attention until your scores have been recorded or the head judge motions you out of the ring. Back out of the ring, bow to the head judge, turn and bow to the next competitor. Sit at attention until the awards ceremony. Make certain you comport yourself with dignity and grace regardless of how you place. Finally, greet the judges after the competition.Competition has many benefits besides training. The courtesies surrounding the event and learning to perform under pressure extend beyond Karate. However, do not loose sight of the purpose of Kata when training for competition. Competition provides a vehicle to help focus your training; however, it is not a necessary component. The same intensity and results can be obtained without competition, but that requires great self-discipline.Paying attention to all the details surrounding Kata, from the movements to the bunkai will not only help your understanding of Karate but also transfer to other aspects of your life. You learn the concentration, respect, conditioning and discipline needed to attain any of your life goals. If you practice with your mind and spirit, as well as your body, you will begin to realize the full potential within yourself.
Kata is defined as a formal exercise, which incorporates specific movements to improve technique and understanding of Karate. It is designed to aid conditioning and training. Of course, as with other aspects of training, you only get out of it what you put into it. For instance, if the first step in Kata training (explained later) is the only step ever taken none of the conditioning benefits will be realized.Several steps will help with the progression from knowing the pattern of the Kata to understanding the Kata. The progression from one step to the next is not always linear. Working on one step may cause some enlightenment about a previous step. It is always helpful to visit each step multiple times. The steps are as follows:
